History
The first voided slab was designed and constructed in
1950s. At that time, the performance
of the voided slab was similar to one way slabs. The cavities formed had a
cylindrical cross section. In the 1990s, the idea of using spherical and
cylindrical cavities in Europe has grown, and today it has become one of the
most commonly used ways to construct the concrete slabs.
Theory of Voided Slabs
The need to
cover the large spans in structures without the middle columns, and to reduce
weight and reduce the dimensions of the structural elements on the other, have
created different systems of building slabs. The first option is to use a
beam-slab system rather than a flat slab system. In this case, due to the
presence of beams around the slab, the effort to reduce the slab thickness is
the most important factor in reducing the weight of the building. The need to
intermediate beams in long spans, problems due to the reinforcement of beams,
as well as the shape of beam’s drops and the relatively high volume of concrete
and reinforcement used in this system are known as disadvantages of this
method.
In addition to
the beam and slab system, the use of flat slabs has been considered due to ease
of implementation and architectural advantages. But to cover the long spans, it
is necessary to increase the slab thickness to increase the cross-sectional
strength in bending and shear and increase the inertia of the cross section to
prevent long-term deformation. As the slab thickness increases, the dead load
also increases and increasing its load increases the deformation and creates
larger bending and shear forces. In the voided slabs, with the formation of
permanent holes in the concrete section, the weight of the slabs will decrease
with increasing thickness. The idea of using voided slabs has two general
objectives:
Benefits of Flat Slabs
decreasing slab weight while increasing its thickness.
For example,
consider a slab with a thickness of 30 cm, which uses cubes with dimensions of
50 x 50 x 16 cm to create holes in concrete. If these cubes are spaced 12 cm
apart, their sections and plan are shown in the following figure.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
In this case,
the inertia of the hollow slab is about 90% of the flat slab with a thickness
of 30 cm, while the weight is equal to the slab with a thickness of 20 cm. It
provides the possibility of covering large spans using a flat slab system.
Various types of
formworks can be used to create permanent voids. But in general, these forms
are in the form of two groups:
- Spherical or elliptical shapes
- Cube shapes (U-boot)
ArmeGroup has
used cubic shapes as a system used in voided slabs. The use of cubic shapes
against the spherical forms has the following advantages:
- Transport of cube formworks is easier than spherical ones. The cubic formworks
are mounted on each other and get smaller volumes.
- Cubic formworks installation does not need not to any metal cage or
reinforcement